Unemployment Rate Formula:
1. Disguised Unemployment (Hidden)
More persons are employed for a work which only a few can do. Concept by John Robinson.
2. Seasonal Unemployment
Depends upon the season (e.g., A.C. maintenance, agriculture).
3. Structural Unemployment
Mismatch between skills and available jobs.
4. Cyclical Unemployment
Due to economic boom or recession.
5. Technological Unemployment
Job loss due to technology/automation (e.g., A.I.).
6. Frictional Unemployment
Time gap when moving from one job to another.
7. Vulnerable Unemployment
Work in an unorganised sector where there is no record or data of the persons.
8. Educated Unemployment
When a person is overqualified for a job.
9. Open Unemployment
When a person is not interested in finding a job.
Conducted by the NSO (National Statistical Office) under MoSPI.
1. CSO (Central Statistical Office)
2. NSSO (National Sample Survey Office)
Rural Areas
Survey conducted once in a year.
Urban Areas
Survey conducted every 3 months.
NREGA (2005): National Employment Guarantee Act.
- Enacted during PM Manmohan Singh's tenure.
- Guarantees 100 days of employment.
- 2009: Name changed to MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act).
- Provides collateral-free loans up to ₹20 Lakh to MSMEs.
- The scheme is under SIDBI (Small Industrial Development Bank of India).
- Company must be registered under the Udyam Portal.
Loan Categories:
1. What is the basic definition of unemployment?
2. How is the Unemployment Rate calculated?
3. What is Disguised or Hidden Unemployment?
4. Which survey is used to calculate the unemployment rate in India?
5. NSO (National Statistical Office) was formed in 2019 by merging which two offices?
6. Under the MUDRA Yojana, the 'Shishu' loan category provides loans up to:
7. In which year was the NREGA renamed to MGNREGA?
8. MUDRA Yojana provides collateral-free loans to MSMEs up to a maximum limit of: