16 OCTOBER
World Food Day
15 OCTOBER
National Woman Farmer's Day
15 OCTOBER
International Rural Woman Day
1. Kharif Crops
- Sowing: Beginning of first monsoon rain.
- Harvesting: 3rd week of September to October.
- Requirements: Needs good rainfall and warm weather.
- Examples: Rice, Maize, Sorghum, Bajra, Soyabean, Cotton, Groundnut.
2. Rabi Crops
- Growing period: October & November.
- Harvesting: Spring season (March/April).
- Requirements: Cold weather for growth and frequent irrigation.
- Examples: Wheat, Oats, Pulses, Mustard, Gram, Barley.
FATHER (INDIA)
M.S. Swaminathan
FATHER (WORLD)
Norman Borlaug
Background & Implementation
- Context: Post-WW2 period and the devastating Bengal Famine (1943) which saw ~4 million deaths.
- Issue: Population growth was far outpacing food grain production.
- US Imports: India relied on PL-480 wheat seeds from the US until refusal in the 1960s.
- The Shift: India introduced HYV (High Yield Variety) seeds with help from Mexico.
- Time: Occurred in the 1960s (coinciding with the 4th Five Year Plan period).
Evergreen Revolution (1990s)
Spearheaded by M.S. Swaminathan, it focuses on increasing productivity while making agriculture environmentally safe and sustainable.
Father: Prof. Verghese Kurien
Launched on 13 Jan 1970. Today, India is the largest milk producer in the world.
1 JUNE
World Milk Day
26 NOVEMBER
National Milk Day
The PDS distributes food grains and essential goods at low and subsidized prices through government-regulated fair price shops (Ration shops).
Timeline & Evolution
- 1970s: Formal implementation under the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution.
- June 1992: PDS changed to RPDS (Revamped Public Distribution System).
- June 1997: RPDS changed to TPDS (Targeted Public Distribution System), focusing on APL (Above Poverty Line) and BPL (Below Poverty Line) households.
National Food Security Act (NFSA) 2013
This act relies on TPDS to deliver food grains and aims to make the Right to Food a justiciable right in India.
APMC Act 2003
The Agriculture Produce Market Committee Act was the first attempt to reform agricultural markets. It aimed to eliminate the exploitation of farmers by intermediaries who forced them to sell crops at extremely low prices.
E-NAM Portal
The Electronic National Agriculture Market is a virtual platform that links APMCs across the country. It promotes the concept of "One Nation, One Market".
MSP ensures agricultural products against any sharp fall in prices due to bumper production or other reasons. It is announced before the sowing season to support farmers and prevent distress sales.
CROPS WITH MSP
24
MSP ANNOUNCED FOR
22
*Note: MSP for Toria is fixed based on Mustard. MSP for de-husked coconut is fixed based on husked coconut.
Categories of MSP Crops (22)
7 Cereals
Paddy, Wheat, Maize, Sorghum, Pearl millet, Barley, Ragi
5 Pulses
Gram, Tur, Moong, Urad, Lentil
6 Oilseeds
Groundnut, Mustard, Soyabean, Sesame, Niger seed, Sunflower/Safflower
4 Others
Raw cotton, Raw jute, Coconut (husk/de-husk), Tobacco
Operation Green
Focused on the organized marketing of TOP crops (Tomato, Onion, Potato) in India. Managed by the Ministry of Food Processing Industry.
Agricultural Revolutions
| Revolution | Related Crop/Product |
|---|---|
| Blue | Fish Production |
| Pink | Prawn, Onion, Pharmaceuticals |
| Silver | Egg / Poultry |
| Round | Potato |
| Golden | Honey & Horticulture |
| Gray | Fertilizers |
| Brown | Cocoa, Leather |
| Red | Meat & Tomatoes |
| Black | Petroleum Products |
| Rainbow | Fruits |
| Yellow | Oil seeds (especially Mustard & Sunflower) |
| Golden Fibre | Jute |
| Silver Fibre | Cotton |
When is World Food Day celebrated?
Which of the following crops is categorized as a Kharif crop?
Who is known as the 'Father of Green Revolution' in India?
Which country assisted India in introducing HYV (High Yield Variety) seeds?
What is the primary objective of the Evergreen Revolution?
Who is known as the 'Father of White Revolution' (Operation Flood)?
When is National Milk Day celebrated in India?
Which crops are covered under 'Operation Green'?
The 'Pink Revolution' is associated with which of the following?
Which revolution is associated with Jute production?
Under which Ministry does the Public Distribution System (PDS) operate?
In what year did the Revamped Public Distribution System (RPDS) change to the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS)?
What was the primary focus of the TPDS (Targeted Public Distribution System)?
The National Food Security Act (NFSA) was passed in which year?
What is the main objective of the APMC Act 2003?
The E-NAM Portal promotes which specific concept in agricultural trading?
When is the Minimum Support Price (MSP) typically announced?
MSP is available for 24 crops, but for how many is it officially announced?
The MSP of Toria is fixed on the basis of which other crop?
How many Kharif and Rabi crops are respectively included in the categories of MSP announced crops?