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Economy 15: Market

Classification of Market
Markets are broadly divided into Financial and Ordinary markets.

1. Financial Market

a) Money Market

Managed by RBI. Deals with short-term instruments like T. Bills, CDs, and CPs.

b) Capital Market

Managed by SEBI. Deals with long-term financing.

  • Primary Market: New Issue Market (e.g., IPOs).
  • Secondary Market: Market for old securities (e.g., Stock Exchange).

2. Ordinary Market

Monopoly: Single producer, price maker.

Oligopoly: Few sellers, many buyers.

Monopolistic Competition: Many buyers/sellers, similar but distinct products.

Perfect Competition: Free entry/exit, fixed prices, no govt interference.

Instruments of Money Market
Short-term debt instruments managed by the RBI.

1. T.Bills (Treasury Bills / Zero Coupon Bonds)

  • Released by RBI.
  • Sold at discount and reclaimed at face value.
  • Minimum value: ₹25,000. No maximum limit.

2. CDs (Certificate of Deposit)

  • Suggested by Vaghul Committee (1989).
  • Minimum value: 1 Lakh (and multiples of 1 Lakh).
  • Released by Banks or Financial institutions.

3. CPs (Commercial Papers)

  • Suggested by Vaghul Committee (1990).
  • Minimum value: 5 Lakh (and multiples of 5 Lakh).
  • Released by wealthy companies.
Capital Market & Financing

Equity Financing

  • • Company offers ownership.
  • • Shareholder's profit/loss is proportional to company's.

Debt Financing

  • • Company takes a loan.
  • • No ownership offered.
  • • Lender gets priority during repayment.

Ordinary Market Types

Monopoly

Single producer, Price Maker. e.g. Govt in Defence.

Oligopoly

Few sellers, Interdependence. e.g. Maruti Suzuki, Vi.

Monopolistic Competition

Many sellers, distinct but similar products. e.g. Tea, Soap.

Perfect Competition

Fixed price, no govt interference. e.g. Nike, Adidas.

Banking Ombudsman Scheme
Grievance redressal mechanism by the RBI.
  • Higher official appointed by RBI to solve money-related problems.
  • Free of cost service.
  • Approach if no reply from bank within 1 month.
  • Compensation: Up to ₹20 Lakh (+ ₹1 Lakh for mental harassment).
  • Does not deal with matters older than 1 year.
  • Appellate Authority: Deputy Governor of RBI.
  • Count: 22 Banking Ombudsman & 4 NBFC Ombudsman.
Practice Quiz

Which institution manages the Money Market in India?

SEBI
RBI
Ministry of Finance
NITI Aayog

What is the minimum value of a Treasury Bill (T-Bill)?

₹10,000
₹25,000
₹1 Lakh
₹5 Lakh

Commercial Papers (CPs) must be in multiples of which amount?

₹25,000
₹1 Lakh
₹5 Lakh
₹10 Lakh

Which market has no fixed geographical location and deals with new shares?

Secondary Market
Primary Market
Money Market
Ordinary Market

In which type of ordinary market is a single producer a 'Price Maker'?

Oligopoly
Monopolistic Competition
Monopoly
Perfect Competition

What is the maximum compensation provided by the Banking Ombudsman?

₹10 Lakh
₹20 Lakh
₹25 Lakh
₹50 Lakh

Who is the Appellate Authority if a person is not satisfied with the Banking Ombudsman's decision?

Governor of RBI
Deputy Governor of RBI
Finance Minister
Chief Justice of India