Bengal Partition
Swadeshi Movement
- Founders: Khawaja Salim Ullah, Vikar-ul-Mulk, Syed Nabi ullah, Syed Ameer Ali.
- First President: Aga Khan (also known as Sir Sultan Mohammad Shah).
- Established At: Dhaka, in 1906. All members were Muslims.
This session happened at Surat. The president was Rash Behari Ghosh. In this session, Moderates and Extremists were separated. They would later reunite in the 1916 Lucknow session.
Moderates (1885-1905)
Policy: P3 - Petition, Pray, Protest.
Extremists (1905-1920)
Policy: Right, violence. Supported Swadeshi Movement & Anti-Bengal Partition.
Main Individuals: Lal, Bal, Pal, Ghosh.
Rabindranath Tagore
- First Nobel prize winner from India.
- He was a Bengali Poet and held the title of Sir/Knighthood.
- Wrote "Amar Sonar Bangla" (Bangladesh National Anthem).
- Used Ganga Bath and Rakhi festival for unity.
Also known as the Government of India Act 1909. It was named after Morley (Secretary of State) and Minto (Viceroy). In this act, Muslims got a separate electorate, which means only Muslim voters could vote for a Muslim leader.
A Darbar was organized to commemorate the coronation of George V and his wife Mary as King and Queen of India. The Viceroy at that time was Lord Hardinge II. George V announced the capital transfer from Calcutta to Delhi, and official work for this transfer happened in 1912.
- Previously known as the Pacific Coast Hindustan Association, it was founded by Indian Punjabis in Canada or the USA.
- Aim: To secure Indian Independence from the British.
- Key Members: Sohan Singh Bhakhana, Lala Hardayal.
- They started a newspaper called "The Ghadar" with the caption "Angrezi Raj Ka Dushman," which made the party famous.
- Headquarters: Yugantar Ashram, San Francisco, USA.
A ship named Komagata Maru was rented by Gurdit Singh Sandhu from Japan to carry Indian immigrants. The ship was denied entry by Canadian authorities. After two months, the ship returned to Calcutta at a place called Budge Budge, where passengers had a conflict with the British, known as the Budge Budge riot. The ship had 376 passengers (340 Sikhs, 24 Muslims, 12 Hindus).
Lucknow Pact
This session happened in Lucknow, presided over by A.C. Majumdar. Moderates and Extremists reunited, and for the first time, the INC and Muslim League came together officially to fight against the British.
Home Rule Leagues
These organizations were built to raise the demand for self-government.
| Feature | Indian Home Rule League | Home Rule League |
|---|---|---|
| Founder | Bal Gangadhar Tilak | Annie Besant |
| Founded | April 1916 | September 1916 |
| Spread | Central province of Karnataka, Maharashtra | All over India |
| Headquarters | Pune | Madras |
| Newspapers | Kesari (Marathi), Maratha (English) | Commonweal, New India |
1. In what year was Bengal partitioned by Lord Curzon?
2. What was the main goal of the Swadeshi Movement launched in 1905?
3. Who was the first president of the Muslim League, which was established in 1906?
4. The split between Moderates and Extremists in the INC occurred during which session?
5. The Government of India Act 1909 (Morley-Minto Reforms) is most known for introducing what concept?
6. Who was the Viceroy of India when the capital was transferred from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911?
7. The Ghadar Party, founded by Indian Punjabis, was headquartered in which city?
8. The Komagata Maru incident in 1914 involved a ship carrying Indian immigrants being denied entry into which country?
9. Which of the following newspapers was published by Bal Gangadhar Tilak?
10. What was the main outcome of the 1916 Lucknow Pact session?